Zonguldak is a city located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey and stands out with its coal mining. This feature has caused people from various regions to come to Zonguldak in search of work throughout history. The demographic structure of the city has been shaped by these migrations and its ethnic and cultural diversity has increased. The city's population has increased and decreased over time due to fluctuations in the mining industry. The fact that economic opportunities were mostly limited to mining affected population mobility and led the young population to migrate to other cities in search of greater economic opportunities.
The age distribution of the population is dominated by middle-aged and older individuals rather than young people. This is related to the migration of the young population to other cities due to job opportunities. In addition, Zonguldak's population is generally below average in terms of educational attainment, which causes young people to move to cities with better educational opportunities.
The social structure in Zonguldak is characterized by a strong sense of traditional social norms, with close relationships and family ties at the forefront of the community. Harsh working conditions, such as mining, have encouraged solidarity and collective action among community members. This is particularly evident during local festivals, celebrations and other community events.
The ethnic composition of the city includes Turks as well as a small number of people from different ethnic backgrounds. Zonguldak has historically been home to various waves of migration, which has increased the city's cultural diversity. However, this diversity is more limited compared to other large cities. As a result, the demographic structure of Zonguldak has been shaped by the economic conditions associated with the mining industry and the social and cultural dynamics created by these conditions.