Istanbul is one of the world's few bicontinental cities, located in northwestern Turkey on both the European and Asian continents. Strategically located between the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea, Istanbul is separated from the two continents by the Bosphorus. Istanbul's climate is generally mild, with hot and humid summers and cold and rainy winters. Snowfall can be observed especially in the winter months, but it usually does not last long.
Istanbul is home to a variety of vegetation. The city harbors many tree and shrub species, especially in its parks and gardens. The northern forests are an important natural resource that provides the city with cleaner air.
In terms of demographics, Istanbul is the most populous city in Turkey and is home to people from various cultures. The city is cosmopolitan, with both locals and many immigrants living together. While this increases the social and cultural diversity of Istanbul, it can also lead to social tensions at times.
In terms of cost of living, Istanbul is one of the most expensive cities in Turkey. Basic expenses such as housing, transportation, food and education are among the factors that directly affect the cost of living in the city. In terms of economy, Istanbul stands out as Turkey's financial, trade, media and tourism center. Many national and international companies have their headquarters in the city.
In terms of healthcare, Istanbul offers advanced medical facilities and receives patients from all over Turkey. It is equipped with numerous public and private hospitals, polyclinics and health centers.
When it comes to transportation, both air, land and sea routes are actively used in Istanbul. Two international airports, an extensive bus network and an ever-expanding metro line support urban and intercity transportation. Sea transportation is provided by ferries and sea buses, especially connecting the Anatolian and European sides.
Local cuisine is an important element reflecting the cultural richness of Istanbul. Turkish, Greek, Armenian, and many other cultures can be found in the city's restaurants. Fish and seafood, especially around the Golden Horn and Bosphorus, are the most preferred foods.
There are many attractions worth seeing on both sides of Istanbul. The historical peninsula, Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace and the Grand Bazaar are popular destinations for local and foreign tourists.
The advantages of living in the city include a wide range of job opportunities and a variety of social and cultural activities; the disadvantages include heavy traffic, air pollution and high living costs. This diversity and dynamism make Istanbul both attractive and challenging.