As the most populous city in Turkey, Istanbul has a complex and diverse demographic structure. According to official data, the city's population is over 15 million people, accounting for around 18 percent of Turkey's population. This large population makes Istanbul one of the largest metropolises not only in Turkey but also in Europe.
The demographic makeup of Istanbul is quite diverse, as it has been a destination for many different cultures and ethnic groups throughout history. The city is home to people from all over Turkey and various countries around the world. In addition to Turks, Kurds and other ethnic groups, Arab, Balkan and Caucasian immigrants enrich the city's cultural mosaic. Many expats and refugees from Europe, Asia and the Middle East also live in Istanbul.
The population of the city has a young structure. While the majority of the population consists of working-age individuals between the ages of 15-64, the child and youth population is also quite high. This demographic structure contributes to the dynamic and ever-changing social structure of Istanbul. However, the low proportion of elderly population puts pressure on social services in the city.
In terms of educational attainment, Istanbul has one of the highest literacy rates in Turkey. With a large number of universities, colleges and other educational institutions, the city is the epicenter of educational and academic activity in Turkey. However, despite this high level of education, unemployment rates in the city remain high, with youth unemployment rates in particular at an alarming level.
Istanbul's demographics also reflect the city's social and economic diversity. There is wide variation in income distribution, with some areas characterized by high income levels and luxurious lifestyles, while others are characterized by poverty and development problems. This socioeconomic diversity can also complicate efforts at social cohesion and integration in the city. Cultural, economic and social differences among the city's inhabitants have led to both the enrichment of Istanbul and increased social tensions.