Ardahan is known as one of the coldest cities in Turkey and is characterized by a typical continental climate. Temperatures fluctuate significantly throughout the year, with long and very cold winters and short and cool summers. The winter season usually starts in late October and lasts until April, when temperatures often drop below zero. The coldest month is usually January, when average temperatures can range from -10°C to -20°C. In summer, temperatures rarely rise above 20°C.
Ardahan's precipitation regime is generally concentrated in spring and fall. Annual precipitation usually varies between 500-600 mm. In winter, precipitation is mostly in the form of snow and snow cover can cover the surface for a long time. In spring, melting snow water provides an important source of water for agriculture. In summer, precipitation is mostly in the form of showers.
Winds in Ardahan are especially strong in the winter months and increase the effect of cold waves. This makes the cold weather conditions even more challenging by lowering the perceived temperature even further. Humidity is generally low, which makes the cold air feel sharper.
Ardahan's harsh climatic conditions have a significant impact on daily life. Long and cold winters increase the need for heating, resulting in high fuel costs. In addition, transportation can be difficult at times due to heavy snowfall and strong winds, and transportation disruptions can occur during winter months. On the other hand, cold and humid weather conditions can affect the health of people in the region, especially the incidence of winter diseases such as respiratory diseases and colds.
However, these harsh climatic conditions also offer a significant potential for Ardahan's winter tourism. Activities such as winter fishing, especially in Çıldır Lake, and horse-drawn sleighing on the ice attract local and foreign tourists. Still, harsh winter conditions can be challenging, especially for outdoor activities such as agriculture and animal husbandry.